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Marco Antonio Melchor Acevedo
Yoscilin Cunya Curasma

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) representa un grave problema de salud pública en América Latina, especialmente en poblaciones rurales andinas, donde existen brechas significativas en el cribado. Las barreras culturales, geográficas y socioeconómicas limitan la participación en programas de detección temprana. Objetivos: Este estudio evalúa la efectividad de una intervención culturalmente adaptada para mejorar el conocimiento, las actitudes y la adherencia al cribado de CCR mediante la prueba inmunológica fecal (FIT) en una comunidad rural de los Andes peruanos. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasi-experimental pre-test/post-test con un grupo control no equivalente. Participaron 450 individuos de 50 a 74 años en Huancavelica, Perú (220 en el grupo de intervención y 230 en el grupo control). La intervención incluyó talleres educativos en quechua y español, materiales bilingües y navegación de pacientes, todo basado en el Modelo de Creencias en Salud. Resultados: La adherencia al cribado con FIT aumentó significativamente en el grupo de intervención (28.2% vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001). Hubo mejoras en el conocimiento sobre el CCR (de 3.1 a 8.9 vs. 3.3 a 3.8) y en las actitudes hacia el cribado (de 2.5 a 4.1 vs. 2.6 a 2.8). Los hallazgos respaldan la efectividad de intervenciones multicomponente y culturalmente adaptadas para reducir disparidades en salud. La navegación de pacientes y los materiales bilingües fueron fundamentales para superar barreras de acceso. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones adaptadas culturalmente son efectivas para incrementar la detección temprana del CCR en poblaciones rurales vulnerables.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a serious public health problem in Latin América, especially in rural Andean populations, where significant screening gaps exist. Cultural, geographic, and socioeconomic barriers limit participation in early detection programs. Objectives: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a culturally adapted intervention to improve knowledge, attitudes, and adherence to CRC screening using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in a rural community in the Peruvian Andes. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test study with a non-equivalent control group was conducted. Participants included 450 individuals aged 50 to 74 years in Huancavelica, Peru (220 in the intervention group and 230 in the control group). The intervention included educational workshops in Quechua and Spanish, bilingual materials, and patient navigation, all based on the Health Belief Model. Results: Adherence to FIT screening increased significantly in the intervention group (28.2% vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001). There were improvements in knowledge about colorectal cancer (from 3.1 to 8.9 vs. 3.3 to 3.8) and in attitudes toward screening (from 2.5 to 4.1 vs. 2.6 to 2.8). These findings support the effectiveness of multicomponent, culturally adapted interventions in reducing health disparities. Patient navigation and bilingual materials were essential in overcoming access barriers. Conclusions: Culturally adapted interventions are effective in increasing early detection of colorectal cancer in vulnerable rural populations.

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Melchor Acevedo, M. A. ., & Cunya Curasma, Y. . (2025). Efectividad de una intervención cultural para aumentar la adherencia al cribado de cáncer colorrectal. Revista Vive, 8(24), 1235–1247. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v8i24.446
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