Determinantes multidimensionales de la calidad del servicio odontológico en poblaciones andinas vulnerables: análisis SERVPERF
Multidimensional determinants of dental service quality in vulnerable Andean populations: a SERVPERF analysisContenido principal del artículo
Introducción: Las poblaciones andinas vulnerables enfrentan barreras estructurales significativas para acceder a servicios odontológicos de calidad, exacerbadas por la geografía de alta montaña y la escasez de recursos en el sector público. Objetivo: Se determinó los predictores multidimensionales de la satisfacción del usuario en el servicio de odontología del Hospital Manuel Núñez Butrón, mediante la aplicación del modelo SERVPERF. Métodologia: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico con una muestra probabilística de 384 pacientes; se empleó un instrumento psicométrico validado basado en SERVPERF y se analizaron los datos mediante regresión lineal múltiple y pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados: El modelo explicó el 68.5% de la varianza (R²=0.685); la dimensión Seguridad fue el predictor más robusto (β=0.382, p<.001), seguida por Empatía (β=0.295), mientras que Elementos Tangibles mostraron influencia marginal (β=0.082). Los pacientes con educación superior reportaron menor satisfacción (H=35.60, p<.001). Conclusiones: En contextos de vulnerabilidad andina, las dimensiones humanas de la calidad asistencial superan a los aspectos técnicos como determinantes de la satisfacción, sugiriendo priorizar la competencia interpersonal.
Introduction: Vulnerable Andean populations face significant structural barriers to accessing quality dental services, exacerbated by high-altitude geography and resource scarcity in the public sector. Objective: The multidimensional predictors of user satisfaction in the dental service of the Manuel Núñez Butrón Hospital were determined through the application of the SERVPERF model. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 384 patients; a validated psychometric instrument based on SERVPERF was employed, and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and non-parametric tests. Results: The model explained 68.5% of the variance (R²=0.685); the Assurance dimension emerged as the most robust predictor (β=0.382, p<.001), followed by Empathy (β=0.295), while Tangibles showed marginal influence (β=0.082). Patients with higher education reported lower satisfaction (H=35.60, p<.001). Conclusions: In contexts of Andean vulnerability, the human dimensions of care quality outweigh technical aspects as determinants of satisfaction, suggesting the need to prioritize interpersonal competence.
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