Dengue virus: structure, pathogenesis, immune response, diagnosis and vaccines
Virus del dengue: estructura, patogenia, respuesta inmunitaria, diagnóstico y vacunasArticle Sidebar
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Introduction: Dengue is one of the arboviral diseases with the greatest impact on global public health. Objective: To analyze recent scientific evidence on the structure, pathogenesis, immune response, diagnosis, and vaccines of the dengue virus. Method: A descriptive and analytical literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Dialnet, Redalyc, and ERIC, selecting 20 studies according to the PRISMA protocol. Results: The study showed that the virus's structural and non-structural proteins play essential roles in replication and immune evasion, that antibody-dependent enhancement and endothelial dysfunction are key determinants in severe dengue, and that molecular tests and the NS1 antigen allow for early diagnosis. Conclusion: Effective dengue control requires comprehensive strategies that combine surveillance, diagnosis, vector control, and vaccination.
Introducción: El dengue constituye una de las arbovirosis de mayor impacto en la salud pública mundial. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre la estructura, patogenia, respuesta inmunitaria, diagnóstico y vacunas del virus del dengue. Método: Se realizó una revisión documental descriptiva y analítica mediante la búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Dialnet, Redalyc y ERIC, con selección de 20 estudios según el protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Se evidenció que las proteínas estructurales y no estructurales del virus cumplen funciones esenciales en la replicación y la evasión inmunitaria, que la potenciación dependiente de anticuerpos y la disfunción endotelial son determinantes en el dengue grave, y que las pruebas moleculares y el antígeno NS1 permiten el diagnóstico temprano. Conclusión: El control efectivo del dengue requiere estrategias integrales que combinen vigilancia, diagnóstico, control vectorial y vacunación.
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