Determinants of asthma control in low-resource settings: the role of age
Determinantes del control del asma en contextos de bajos recursos: rol de la edadMain Article Content
Introduction: Asthma control remains suboptimal in low- and middle-income countries. Treatment adherence is fundamental, but its effectiveness may be modulated by sociodemographic factors such as age, an underexplored aspect in these contexts. Objective: To examine the determinants of asthma control in a low-resource setting and to evaluate the moderating role of age in the relationship between treatment adherence and control. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 133 adults with asthma in Peru. The Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI) and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) were used. The analysis included hierarchical binary logistic regression, incorporating an age×adherence interaction term. Results: Adherence was the strongest predictor of control (OR=1.28, p<0.001). A significant age×adherence interaction was identified (OR=1.04, p=0.035), where the effect of adherence on control was intensified in older adults but showed an attenuated relationship in younger adults. The final model explained 62% of the variance in control. Conclusions: Age critically moderates the effectiveness of adherence, requiring differentiated interventions. Adapted clinical guidelines that consider this factor are needed to optimize management in low-resource settings.
Introducción: El control del asma sigue siendo subóptimo en países de ingresos bajos y medios. La adherencia terapéutica es fundamental, pero su efectividad puede estar modulada por factores sociodemográficos como la edad, un aspecto poco explorado en estos contextos. Objetivo: Examinar los determinantes del control del asma en un entorno de recursos limitados y evaluar el rol moderador de la edad en la relación entre adherencia terapéutica y control. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con 133 adultos con asma en Perú. Se empleó el Test de Adhesión a Inhaladores (TAI) y el Asthma Control Test (ACT). El análisis incluyó regresión logística binaria jerárquica, incorporando un término de interacción edad×adherencia. Resultados: La adherencia fue el predictor más fuerte de control (OR=1.28, p<0.001). Se identificó una interacción significativa edad×adherencia (OR=1.04, p=0.035), donde el efecto de la adherencia sobre el control se intensificó en adultos mayores, pero mostró una relación atenuada en adultos jóvenes. El modelo final explicó el 62% de la varianza en el control. Conclusiones: La edad modera críticamente la efectividad de la adherencia, requiriendo intervenciones diferenciadas. Se necesitan guías clínicas adaptadas que consideren este factor para optimizar el manejo en entornos de bajos recursos.
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