Hacia una definición integral del burnout en médicos cirujanos: revisión sistemática de la evidencia post-pandémica
Toward a Comprehensive Definition of Burnout in Surgeons: A Systematic Review of Post-Pandemic EvidenceBarra lateral del artículo
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Introducción: El síndrome de burnout es un problema de salud ocupacional significativo entre médicos cirujanos a nivel mundial, afectando su bienestar, desempeño y calidad de atención. Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al burnout en médicos cirujanos durante el período 2020-2025. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática descriptiva con diseño cualitativo, siguiendo PRISMA 2020. Se consultaron PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO y Dialnet, seleccionándose 20 estudios originales que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: La prevalencia global de burnout osciló entre 25 % y 78 %. La dimensión más afectada fue el agotamiento emocional, con cifras de hasta 69,1 %. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes incluyeron carga laboral excesiva, turnos nocturnos y exposición al COVID-19. Conclusiones: La evidencia post-pandemia revela elevadas prevalencias de burnout en cirujanos. Se requieren intervenciones organizacionales integrales que aborden la carga laboral, la planificación de turnos y el apoyo psicosocial, con el fin de reducir el riesgo de agotamiento y mejorar la salud ocupacional de los médicos cirujanos.
Introduction: Burnout syndrome represents a significant occupational health challenge for surgeons globally, compromising their well-being, clinical performance, and the quality of patient care. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among surgeons during the 2020–2025 period. Methodology: A descriptive systematic review with a qualitative approach was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Dialnet, resulting in the selection of 20 original studies that met the predefined inclusion criteria. Results: The global prevalence of burnout ranged from 25% to 78%. Emotional exhaustion emerged as the most affected dimension, with rates reaching 69.1%. The most frequent risk factors identified were excessive workload, night shifts, and exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Post-pandemic evidence indicates a high prevalence of burnout within the surgical workforce. Holistic organizational interventions targeting workload management, shift scheduling, and psychosocial support are essential to mitigate exhaustion and enhance the occupational health of surgeons.
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